- While these predictions were later proven to be false, it took over 20 years for jet technology to take over the reliability and fuel efficiency of a piston engine. While jet planes have expanded the human experience of travel, the safety of flight and the public perception of the safety of flight, i.e. Public confidence, is perhaps the most.
- Jet engines are incredibly noisy. They can produce up to 140dB of noise at takeoff. Jet engines typically weigh anywhere between 5000-8000 kg. A typical jet engine can produce about 400KiloNewtons of Thrust at full capacity. The turbines in a jet engine can produce about 30,000 HP of power.
Two sources are to blame for the loud noise of a jet aircraft – the jet engine itself and the reaction between the hot exhaust gas and the surrounding air.
A jet engine works by taking in the air through the intake and compressing it more than ten times its original pressure. Much noise is produced as layers of fan blades turn at supersonic speed to squeeze the air into the core. Once the air enters, fuel is injected into the compressed air and creates a mixture of air-gas. This hybrid is then ignited in the combustion chamber and pushed through a turbine and out a nozzle at the rear of the engine, giving the aircraft a thrust. The more energy required to ignite the air-gas mixture and expel it from the engine, the louder the engine will be. In short, the louder the jet engine, the less efficient it is.
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The hot exhaust gas makes a sound on its own. After it leaves the turbine and exits the nozzle, the hot exhaust travels much faster than the air flowing around it. Because of such sheer difference in temperature between the two air, the vapor in the exhaust gas is quickly condensed as clouds at high altitude, forming the iconic white tail most aircraft leave behind at high altitudes known as “contrails.” Though great thrust is necessary for airplanes to fly at high speed, it is the incredible resistance of the hot exhaust and the colder air that gives most jet engines their thunderous and crackling roar. Olicard160 driver download.
The reaction between the exhaust and the cold air also explains several other phenomena. Primarily, military aircraft produce louder noise than commercial aircraft because they have engines with lower bypass ratio. Bypass ratio is the ratio between the bypass stream to the mass flow rate entering the core and is another indicator of the efficiency of engines. Compared to jet engines of commercial aircraft where most of the air goes ‘around’ the core of the engine and envelops the exhaust before the air-mixture exits the engine, the jet engines of fighter jets exhaust relatively more hot air with a smaller amount of cooler bypass air. Therefore, more noise is produced as the hot exhaust mixes with the surrounding air ‘outside’ engine whereas a moderate amount of exhaust mixes with the relatively warmer and fast-moving bypass air ‘inside’ the engine before they mix again with the surrounding air.
Also, you might have realized this, but in most commercial aircraft, first and business classes are located in the front section of the cabin, not at the back where economy class typically lies. This is purposely done by airlines because it is always quieter at the front than at the end of an airplane. Moreover, though sitting in a window seat could offer a passenger a beautiful view of the wing and the earth, it is, in fact, the loudest place in the cabin as the exhaust fiercely mixes with the freezing-cold air at 30,000 ft just outside the window, right behind the engine. Therefore, it is highly advised to sit in the front of an airplane than at the back to get some better sleep on a long-haul flight.
If you have ever heard the noise from a jet engine, you will heartily know that such loud noise is not healthy for the ears. Measured in terms of decibel (dB), a unit of measurement that uses ratios to measure sound, the noise level of jet engines is estimated to be around 120 dB, similar to one of the speakers at the loudest rock concert. Considering that an average conversation lies around 60 dB, the noise level of jet engines is strikingly high and is in fact only 50 dB away from the point where hearing tissues begin to die.
To reduce the noise level of the engine, manufacturers have invented creative designs, such as the serrated edges called the chevron for the back of the nacelle, or the cover of the engine. According to Boeing, “the chevrons reduce the noise by controlling the way the air mixes after passing through and around the engine.” Also, going back to the bypass ratio, jet engine manufacturers can merely cut down the noise level by creating larger engines with high bypass ratio. Hopefully, in the upcoming years, we will be able to live in a quieter world with less-growling jet engines.